An iterative landscape planning process for sustaining flood regulation in the Ci Kapundung upper water catchment area, Bandung Basin, Indonesia

Simulations and modelling are often used in many studies to assess and visualise the effects of landscape changes on environment. However, only a few studies have been conducted to assess landscape interventions to sustain ecosystem services, including hydrological processes. This paper presents an iterative and interactive process to generate landscape planning for the Ci Kapundung upper water catchment area, Bandung Basin, Indonesia, based on two development scenarios. The land change model was coupled with a hydrological model to assess the influence of land cover changes on flood risk in Bandung Basin. The result shows that the overland flow at three observation points is affected by the land cover, topography, and soil properties. Outputs from the iterative hydrologic simulations suggested that conifers could be planted in the proposed river buffers in the case study area to reduce the volume of runoff flowing to the Ci Kapundung River.