Synthesis of Cyclic Macromolecules

The sections in this article are Introduction Synthesis of Cyclic Structures Ring-Chain Equilibria and Cyclization Ring-Chain Equilibria in Siloxane Heterocycles Ring-Chain Equilibria in other Heterocycles Cyclization Reactions in Polyesters or Polyamides End-to-End Cyclization Reactions End-to-End Cyclization Based on Bimolecular Processes End-to-End Cyclization based on Unimolecular Processes Properties of Cyclic Polymers Dilute Solution Properties Size Exclusion Behavior Limiting Viscosity Numbers Thermodynamic and Hydrodynamic Properties Solid State Properties Structures Derived from Cyclic Polymers Eight-Shaped Polymers Catenanes and Rotaxanes Conclusions