THE IMPACTS OF ROAD CONDITIONS AND BORDER CROSSINGS ON THE COSTS OF TRUCKLOAD MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST

Unlike North America (at least north of Mexico), truckers in Europe and the Middle East are faced with numerous international border crossings and nonhomogeneous road conditions across regions. Another aspect of haulage in Europe and the Middle East is the frequent use of ferries for portions of the movements. In this paper, the impacts of these factors on the costs of using truckload motor carriage are examined.