Are small adrenal incidentalomas solely a radiological finding

Objective: The criterium defining the threshold size of adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is a size greater than 1 cm diameter. However, data concerning AI≤1 cm in diameter is scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of adrenal masses≤1 cm and to compare them with adrenal masses>1 cm. Materials and Methods: The study included 130 consecutive patients with AI (38 and 92 AI at ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm, respectively). The patients were evaluated according to demographic and hormonal characteristics. Results: The prevalence of SCS was 5.3 and 12% in AI≤1 cm and > 1 cm diameter, respectively. Hyperaldosteronism was found only in patients with > 1 cm AI. Pheochromocytoma were not found in either group. Patients with > 1 cm AI had a higher prevalence of SCS and primary hyperaldosteronism than patients with ≤ 1 cm AI, but the difference was not significant. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was high both in non-functional AI with ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm patients and showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our study is the first to focus on the clinical and hormonal characteristics of patients with ≤ 1 cm AI. Those with AI≤1 cm harboured SCS, as was the case for AI>1 cm. Similar to AI>1 cm, non-functional AI≤1 cm also had a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension.