From agriculture to rural development: the case of saffron (Crocus sativus) in Umbria (Italy).

Saffron cultivation was practiced in Umbria (Central Italy) several centuries ago, but since the XVII century it had slowly disappeared. Quite recently, during the '80s, the saffron has been rediscovered, thanks to the efforts of some individuals, university researchers, farmers' organizations, the agriculture development authority and some local administrations. Two producers' associations have been established in 2002 and 2003, in different areas of the region. The saffron, besides being processed and marketed with highly priced packaging, has generated an interesting case of multi-sector development, with links to cultural heritage, gastronomy and rural tourism. The two groups presently have 28 and 32 members, while several independent producers operate in other parts of the region. Some problems however persist and questions may arise about the future of this experience: survival or further development? Competition from other areas is growing and external markets demand lower prices. Finally, the paper also defines guidelines for similar experiences.