Economic Operation of a Workplace EV Parking Lot under Different Operation Modes

In this paper, an electric vehicle (EV) charging station model at a workplace EV parking lot with energy storage system (ESS) and renewable energy sources (RESs) is proposed. Its economic operation under different operation modes is further explored. By comparing the paid charging mode at different prices with the free charging mode, the results show that although a sufficiently high charging price can obtain higher profit, the free charging model will bring greater profit growth with appropriate RES and ESS size as EVs will used for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) transactions in return.