El paisaje en las políticas públicas de Francia y España: desde la protección del monumento a la gestión del espacio

During the XXth century the Landscape becomes a subject of protection of different international normatives on the natural and cultural heritage. Nevertheless the insertion of the term «Landscape» in legislations of different European countries has being realizing in different moments and contexts. In this paper we propose the analysis of cultural and social reasons of different landscape's policies in France and Spain. This comparison is particularly interesting because in Spanish conservation policy the protection of natural landscape has had the major and earlier protagonism, comparatively to the French one. Although the incorporation of landscape in the policy of protection of historical heritage and of land use has been realized more slowly in Spain then in France, where already in the 1990 the specific lows dedicated to landscape have appeared. The article explains why the conservation policies in France and Spain for a long period had being centered on the preservation of some exceptional sites and limited to the exclusively patrimonial and esthetic approach without taking into consideration the «ordinary » landscapes.