Δ′-Dehydrogenation of steroids byArthrobacter simplex immobilized in calcium polygalacturonate beads

Arthrobacter simplex ATCC 6946 (viable cells) was immobilized in a calcium polygalacturonate gel. The trapped cells were used for repeated batchwise bioconversion of steroids. Reichstein's compound S and hydrocortisone were dehydrogenated introducing a double bond between C1 and C2 of ring A. The products 1-dehydro S and prednisolone, respectively, were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Steroid dehydrogenase activity increased in the system when an artificial electron acceptor, such as menadione (vitamin K3) was present in the reaction mixture. An airlift-type reactor was used to bioconvert up to 90% of substrate in 15 min, under optimal conditions. The gel entrapped cell preparations were used for repeated batch bioconversion during 30 days; 69 batch bioconversions for Reichstein's compound S were performed during 15 days of operation of the reactor. The operational stability of the process and the feasibility of repeated batch bioconversions was shown to be comparable to similar processes.