Renal Neurilemoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Neurilemomas are neurogenic tumors that originate from Schwann cells of nerve sheaths. However, renal neurilemomas are extremely rare, with only 21 cases reported in the English literature. Most patients were asymptomatic, and imaging studies did not allow a definitive diagnosis. Effective conservative treatment is unknown. Complete tumor excision is the curative modality of treatment due to malignancy having been found in up to 30% of cases and a tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis. An accurate diagnosis depends on a detailed pathohistological evaluation. Herein, we present a case of a neurilemoma within the renal parenchyma and review the literature on this subject.