Embodied carbon emissions accounting, decomposition, and allocation of responsibilities in global trade: Based on the generalized hypothetical extraction method

This paper uses the 1995–2009 World Input-Output Databases, the multi-regional input-output analysis, and the generalized hypothetical extraction method to study the effect of the international trade on the embodied carbon emission of 41 countries. The results calculated by the hypothetical extraction method show that (1) America, Japan, and Germany were the top three countries with the largest gap of the embodied carbon emissions in 1995, and America, China, and Germany became the top three countries in 2009; (2) compared with the final goods trade, the intermediate input trade had a greater influence on the embodied carbon emissions for most countries in 1995 and 2009; the effect of the intermediate input trade on the emissions decreased, while the effect of the final goods trade increased from 1995 to 2009; and (3) the developed countries replaced the production of emission intensive goods by importing from the developing countries. These results implied that both producers and consumers should share t...