Hot-spots and lessons learned from life cycle sustainability assessment of inedible vegetable-oil based biodiesel in Northern Viet Nam

Abstract This study aimed to access the sustainable potential of inedible vegetable oil-based biodiesel systems in Northern Viet Nam by employing a life cycle sustainability assessment index so-called Triple I. Simultaneously, different feedstocks for biodiesel production were investigated, including Vernicia montana, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Pongamia pinnata followed by the application of four biodiesel blend systems, which are B5, B10, B20, and B100. Subsequently, the influence of various changes in, for instance, crop yield, fuel price, distribution distance, coproduct prices, biodiesel production technology was also discussed. Findings of this study were used to propose feasible options and implications for biodiesel policies toward sustainable development of inedible vegetable oil-based biodiesel in Northern Viet Nam.