Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) and Arteriovenous Fistula in the ICU: Contributions of Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) to Diagnosis

Transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography (TCCS) is a combined ultrasound technique which allows a morphological and hemodynamic investigation of the intracranial vessels as well as of pathological vascular conditions. The goal of this chapter is to describe the typical color-coded duplex ultrasonography features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and fistulas that may result in intracranial hemorrhage.