Evolución de las fuentes de información y las ideas sobre sexualidad en adolescentes

espanolObjetivo: La educacion sexual constituye un derecho de la infancia y la adolescencia que en la practica, cuenta con numerosas dificultades. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cuales son las fuentes de informacion y su evolucion durante la adolescencia, asi como de la utilidad percibida sobre las mismas y las ideas relacionadas con la sexualidad. Metodo: Estudio cuasi-experimental, recogida de datos mediante un cuestionario en tres momentos de la adolescencia: a los 12-13 anos (1o ESO), a los 15-16 anos (4o ESO) y a los 17-18 anos (2o Bachillerato). Las variables fueron: fuentes de informacion sobre sexualidad, fuente mas util e ideas sobre sexualidad. Se hallaron porcentajes desglosados por sexo y momento, y se contrasto la significacion estadistica con la diferencia de intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Las fuentes de informacion mas frecuentes (y a la vez, consideradas mas utiles) para ambos sexos y en todas las edades, fueron amistades, escuela, Internet/ television y revistas/libros; la madre tambien para ellas. Hubo diferencias significativas por sexo en las fuentes mas frecuentes y en la utilidad percibida: ellas seleccionaron mas a la madre y ellos Internet/television. Respecto a las ideas sobre sexualidad, las mas repetidas incluyeron “sexo”, “practicas eroticas”, “sentimientos”, “placer”, y tambien hubo diferencias significativas: ellas nombraron mas “sentimientos”, “placer” y “valores”. Conclusiones: Los jovenes reciben informacion de diferentes fuentes y destaca la influencia de amistades e Internet/television, que pueden transmitir nociones erroneas y/o machistas; lo que parece constatarse con las ideas referidas por chicas y chicos sobre sexualidad, donde se detectan estereotipos de genero. Es necesario poner en marcha iniciativas que garanticen una educacion sexual universal que implique, al menos, al ambito educativo, sanitario y a las familias. EnglishObjective: Sex education is a children’s and adolescents’ right, but in practice it has numerous difficulties. The goal of this study was to acknowledge which are the information sources and how they evolve during adolescence, the young’s perceived utility and their sex-related ideas. Method: Data from a previous quasi-experimental study, with control group, were used. This study used a questionnaire at three moments: 12-13 years old (at 1st-grade of secondary school), 15-16 years old (at 4th-grade) and at 2n-grade of baccalaureate (17-18 years old). Studied variables were: information sources on sex education, most useful source and ideas about sexuality. Data were expressed as percentages by sex and time. Confidence interval differences at 95% were used to statistical significance. Results: Sources of information most frequently reported and with a highest perceived utility were friends, school, Internet/TV and magazines/books at all ages and both sexes; and mothers for girls. Differences were found by sex on sources and perceived utility: girls preferred their mothers and boys chose more Internet/TV. “Sex”, “sexual practices”, “feelings” and “pleasure” were the most repeated sexuality ideas with some differences by sex; sexuality was more related with “feelings”, “pleasure” and values among girls. Conclusions: Adolescents received information from different agents and influence of friends and Internet/TV could transmit wrong or sexist’s messages. Boys and girls maintained gender stereotypes according to sexuality ideas reported. It is necessary to implement initiatives that guarantee a universal and evidence-based sex education that involves, at least, schools, health services and families.