Intake of antioxidants and their status in chronic kidney disease patients.

Objective To evaluate the intake and status of antioxidants in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Design Randomized control trial. Setting Hospital outpatient department. Subjects One hundred eighty-five subjects (145 predialysis CKD patients and 40 apparently healthy controls) were enrolled for this study. The patients were divided into moderate and severe renal failure groups based on their creatinine and glomerular filtration rates. Intervention All patients completed a food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall form, and anthropometric measurements and underwent biochemical and antioxidant lab tests. Main Outcome Measures Dietary intake, anthropometry, biochemical measures of blood and antioxidant enzymes as well as oxidative stress. Results Overall, the diet was significantly lower in antioxidant-rich food intake in all the CKD patients as compared with controls. The oxidative stress measured in blood was found to be in consonance with the intake from diet. Conclusion Micronutrients play a major role in the antioxidant status of the patients and must be monitored, as deficiency of these might elevate the oxidative stress of the body, especially in the chronic diseases.