Utilizing X-ray computed tomography for heritage conservation: The case of Megalosaurus bucklandii

Of key importance to any cultural institution is the practice of conservation, the method by which specimens at risk of severe degradation or destruction are treated to ensure that they survive into the future. However, surface inspection is often insufficient to properly inform conservators of the best treatment approach, and where there is little to no record of the conservational history of an object it can be difficult to identify exactly what form of conservation has been undertaken. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) grants a way to overcome these issues by allowing conservators to non-destructively investigate the subsurface details of an artefact to provide essential information on condition of a specimen. Here, the potential of this approach is demonstrated using the first XCT scans of the iconic dentary of Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, 1827 (1); the first dinosaur ever named and described scientifically. XCT analysis reveals that the degree of repair is less extensive than previously thought and also elucidates two different material types, M1 and M2, thought to be representative of at least two phases of repair. Finally the potential of this approach is further explored, highlighting its importance for conservation practice, identifying forgeries and hoaxes in addition to potential applications in public engagement.