Piezoelectric Shockwave Lithotripsy of Urinary Calculi: Comparative Study of Stone Depth in Kidney and Ureter Treatments

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the relation between stone depth and the efficiency of piezoelectric extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). Patients and Methods: A total of 150 patients presenting with 25 pelvic, 75 caliceal, and 25 upper and 25 lower ureteral calculi were treated using the EDAP LT02 lithotripter. All of the stones were easy to localize with sonographic and radiographic systems, and their largest diameter ranged from 4 to 25 mm (mean 8.5 mm). Renal and upper ureteral calculi were treated with the patient in the supine position and lower ureteral stones in prone position. On the basis of a meticulous stone localization and focusing, depth measurements were carried out under real-time ultrasonic guidance, the minimal distance between the cutaneous plane and the focal point being recorded only for definitely localized calculi. Results: Ureteral calculi were significantly deeper than renal stones (p < 0.0001), but the distance from the cutaneous plane wa...