REALTIME INTEGRAL VIDEOGRAPHY USING INTRA-OPERATIVE 3-D ULTRASOUND FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE HEART SURGERY

This paper presents a realtime threedimensional surgical navigation system using Integral Videography (IV) with intra-operative ultrasound data acquisition for minimally invasive heart surgery. We used a trans-vaginal ultrasound transducer with volume data acquisition rate of 5 volumes/second. Experiments using a human hand as phantom showed that the online IV image frame rate is around 2 frames/second. As attemps to further increase system performance, the use of interpolation profile has resulted in significant decrease in coordinate transformation time, while the use of smart multi-threading has completely resolved performance decrease due to non-uniform