Analysis of risk factors of venous thromboembolism based on Caprini Risk Assessment Model

Objective To analyze and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, so as to provide basis for nurses to identify the risk factors of VTE. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 329 patients who were diagnosed with VTE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. All the research subjects were assessed using Caprini Risk Assessment Model, analyzing the major risk factors for VTE. The risk factors of different gender, different site of thrombosis and different age group were compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of the risk factors were discussed. Results The top 10 risk factors in Caprini Risk Assessment Model were: bed time>72 h, BMI≥25 kg/m2, age between 41 to 60 years old, age between 61 to 74 years old, surgery (>45 minutes) , lower extremity edema, surgery (within 1 month) , medical patient in bed, age≥75 years old and abnormal lung function (COPD) . Further analysis found that abnormal lung function (COPD) was an important risk factor for men (χ2=7.695, P=0.006) ; surgery (>45 minutes) and lower extremity edema were important risk factors for distal deep vein thrombosis (χ2=17.699, 30.853; P 72 h was an important risk factor for the elderly (χ2=5.583, P=0.015) ; deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism history was an important risk factor for the young (χ2=5.584, P=0.018) . Conclusions VTE probably occur in patients over 40 years old, and male patients with abnormal lung function (COPD) . Large operations (>45 min) and lower extremity edema have a lower score in the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, however, they are meaningful for the formation of proximal thrombosis, which could not be ignored. The elderly patients are more likely to form thrombosis when their bed time is more than 72 hours. Young and middle-aged patients need to be vigilant for recurrent thrombosis. VTE risk assessment needs to be evaluated for the characteristics of different individuals. Key words: Venous thromboembolism; Caprini risk assessment model; Risk factors