A longitudinal examination of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), participation, and social inclusion upon joining a community-based LTPA program for adults with disabilities.

Abstract Objective First, to examine whether participants reported changes in 1) LTPA, participation and social inclusion variables and 2) well-being outcomes prior and after joining a community-based LTPA program for adults with disabilities. Second, to explore the longitudinal relationship between LTPA and the other aforementioned outcomes. Design A double baseline longitudinal design with measurements at 4-to-6 weeks (Baseline-1) and immediately (Baseline-2) prior to and 2 and 4 months after joining the community-based LTPA program. Setting Community. Intervention A community-based physical activity program for adults with physical disabilities. Participants were provided an individualized exercise program and accessed the program at designated times during the week. Main Outcome measure(s) Primary: physical activity (LTPA Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury), participation (Patient-Perceived Participation in Daily Activities Questionnaire), social inclusion. Secondary: depression severity, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction. Participants Adults (n= 43) with a physical disability who reported no cognitive impairment, were new members of the community-based LTPA program, and spoke English or French. Results After joining the program, participants reported an increase in total LTPA (Mbaseline2[SD]= 177.80 [211.32], M2months[SD]= 299.31 [298.70], M4months[SD]= 288.14 [292.14]), moderate-to-vigorous LTPA (Mbaseline2[SD]= 83.95 [123.95], M2months[SD]= 142.00 [198.38], M4months[SD]= 163.23 [182.08]), and participation in health- (Mbaseline2[SD]= 6.24 [1.16], M2months[SD]= 6.58 [1.25], M4months[SD]= 6.97 [0.82]) and family-related activities (Mbaseline2[SD]= 12.18 [2.43], M2months[SD]= 12.60 [2.30], M4months[SD]= 13.47 [2.01]). A significant increase (Beta= 3.46, p .05). Conclusion The results support the role of a community-based LTPA program in increasing LTPA levels and enhancing participation in some activities among adults with physical disabilities.