The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance

E. Abat,T. N. Addy,T. P. A. Åkesson,J. Alison,F. Anghinolfi,E. Arik,M. Arik,G. Atoian,B. Auerbach,Oliver Keith Baker,E. Banas,S Baron,C Bault,N. Becerici,A. Beddall,A. Beddall,J. Bendotti,D. Benjamin,H. Bertelsen,A. Bingul,H Blampey,A. Bocci,M Bochenek,V. G. Bondarenko,Vitaly Bychkov,J. Callahan,M. D. M. Capeans Garrido,L. Cardiel Sas,A. Catinaccio,S. A. Cetin,T Chandler,R Chritin,P. Cwetanski,M. Dam,H. O. Danielsson,E Danilevich,E. David,J. Degenhardt,B. Di Girolamo,F. Dittus,N. Dixon,O. B. Dogan,Boris Dolgoshein,N. Dressnandt,C. Driouchi,W. L. Ebenstein,Paula Eerola,Ulrick Egede,K. Egorov,Hal Evans,P. Farthouat,O.L. Fedin,A. J. Fowler,S. Fratina,D. Froidevaux,A Fry,P. Gagnon,I L Gavrilenko,N. Ghodbane,J. Godlewski,M. P. Goulette,I Gousakov,N. Grigalashvili,Ya. V. Grishkevich,J. Grognuz,Z. Hajduk,Michael Hance,F. Hansen,J. B. Hansen,P.H. Hansen,G A Hare,A. Harvey,C. Hauviller,A High,Wouter Hulsbergen,W. Huta,V. Issakov,S. Istin,V. Jain,G. Jarlskog,L Jeanty,V. A. Kantserov,B. Kaplan,A S Kapliy,S Katounine,F. Kayumov,P. T. Keener,G. D. Kekelidze,E Khabarova,A. Khristachev,B. Kisielewski,T. Kittelmann,C Kline,E. B. Klinkby,N V Klopov,Byeong Rok Ko,T. Koffas,N V Kondratieva,S.P. Konovalov,S. Koperny,H. Korsmo,S. Kovalenko,T. Z. Kowalski,K. Kruger,V. A. Kramarenko,L.G. Kudin,A.-C. Le Bihan,B. C. LeGeyt,K Levterov,P. Lichard,A. Lindahl,V Lisan,S.P. Lobastov,A. Loginov,C. W. Loh,S Lokwitz,M C Long,S. Lucas,A. Lucotte,F. Luehring,B. Lundberg,R. Mackeprang,V. P. Maleev,A Manara,M Mandl,A. Martin,F. F. Martin,R Mashinistov,G.M. Mayers,K. W. McFarlane,V. Mialkovski,B M Mills,B. Mindur,V. A. Mitsou,J. U. Mjörnmark,S. V. Morozov,E Morris,S. V. Mouraviev,A. Muir,A. Munar,A.V. Nadtochi,S. Y. Nesterov,F. M. Newcomer,Nikolay Nikitin,O. Novgorodova,E G Novodvorski,H. Ogren,S. H. Oh,S.B. Oleshko,D. Olivito,J. Olszowska,W. Ostrowicz,M S Passmore,S. Patrichev,J. Penwell,F Perez-Gomez,V. D. Peshekhonov,Tc Petersen,R. Petti,A. Placci,A. Poblaguev,X Pons,M. J. Price,O Rø hne,Ryan Reece,M B Reilly,C. Rembser,A. Romaniouk,David Rousseau,D. R. Rust,Yu. Ryabov,V. Ryjov,M Söderberg,A. A. Savenkov,J. Saxon,M Scandurra,V. A. Schegelsky,M I Scherzer,M. P. Schmidt,C. Schmitt,E. Sedykh,D M Seliverstov,T. Shin,A. Shmeleva,Sy Sivoklokov,S. Yu. Smirnov,L Smirnova,O. Smirnova,P. Smith,V. Sosnovtsev,G Sprachmann,S Subramania,S I Suchkov,V V Sulin,R. Szczygiel,G Tartarelli,E. Thomson,V. O. Tikhomirov,P Tipton,J. A. Valls Ferrer,R. Van Berg,V. I. Vassilakopoulos,L. Vassilieva,P. Wagner,R. Wall,C. Wang,D. Whittington,H. H. Williams,A. Zhelezko,K. Zhukov

The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance

2008

E. Abat
T. N. Addy
T. P. A. Åkesson
J. Alison
F. Anghinolfi
E. Arik
M. Arik
G. Atoian
B. Auerbach
Oliver Keith Baker
E. Banas
S Baron
C Bault
N. Becerici
A. Beddall
A. Beddall
J. Bendotti
D. Benjamin
H. Bertelsen
A. Bingul
H Blampey
A. Bocci
M Bochenek
V. G. Bondarenko
Vitaly Bychkov
J. Callahan
M. D. M. Capeans Garrido
L. Cardiel Sas
A. Catinaccio
S. A. Cetin
T Chandler
R Chritin
P. Cwetanski
M. Dam
H. O. Danielsson
E Danilevich
E. David
J. Degenhardt
B. Di Girolamo
F. Dittus
N. Dixon
O. B. Dogan
Boris Dolgoshein
N. Dressnandt
C. Driouchi
W. L. Ebenstein
Paula Eerola
Ulrick Egede
K. Egorov
Hal Evans
P. Farthouat
O.L. Fedin
A. J. Fowler
S. Fratina
D. Froidevaux
A Fry
P. Gagnon
I L Gavrilenko
N. Ghodbane
J. Godlewski
M. P. Goulette
I Gousakov
N. Grigalashvili
Ya. V. Grishkevich
J. Grognuz
Z. Hajduk
Michael Hance
F. Hansen
J. B. Hansen
P.H. Hansen
G A Hare
A. Harvey
C. Hauviller
A High
Wouter Hulsbergen
W. Huta
V. Issakov
S. Istin
V. Jain
G. Jarlskog
L Jeanty
V. A. Kantserov
B. Kaplan
A S Kapliy
S Katounine
F. Kayumov
P. T. Keener
G. D. Kekelidze
E Khabarova
A. Khristachev
B. Kisielewski
T. Kittelmann
C Kline
E. B. Klinkby
N V Klopov
Byeong Rok Ko
T. Koffas
N V Kondratieva
S.P. Konovalov
S. Koperny
H. Korsmo
S. Kovalenko
T. Z. Kowalski
K. Kruger
V. A. Kramarenko
L.G. Kudin
A.-C. Le Bihan
B. C. LeGeyt
K Levterov
P. Lichard
A. Lindahl
V Lisan
S.P. Lobastov
A. Loginov
C. W. Loh
S Lokwitz
M C Long
S. Lucas
A. Lucotte
F. Luehring
B. Lundberg
R. Mackeprang
V. P. Maleev
A Manara
M Mandl
A. Martin
F. F. Martin
R Mashinistov
G.M. Mayers
K. W. McFarlane
V. Mialkovski
B M Mills
B. Mindur
V. A. Mitsou
J. U. Mjörnmark
S. V. Morozov
E Morris
S. V. Mouraviev
A. Muir
A. Munar
A.V. Nadtochi
S. Y. Nesterov
F. M. Newcomer
Nikolay Nikitin
O. Novgorodova
E G Novodvorski
H. Ogren
S. H. Oh
S.B. Oleshko
D. Olivito
J. Olszowska
W. Ostrowicz
M S Passmore
S. Patrichev
J. Penwell
F Perez-Gomez
V. D. Peshekhonov
Tc Petersen
R. Petti
A. Placci
A. Poblaguev
X Pons
M. J. Price
O Rø hne
Ryan Reece
M B Reilly
C. Rembser
A. Romaniouk
David Rousseau
D. R. Rust
Yu. Ryabov
V. Ryjov
M Söderberg
A. A. Savenkov
J. Saxon
M Scandurra
V. A. Schegelsky
M I Scherzer
M. P. Schmidt
C. Schmitt
E. Sedykh
D M Seliverstov
T. Shin
A. Shmeleva
Sy Sivoklokov
S. Yu. Smirnov
L Smirnova
O. Smirnova
P. Smith
V. Sosnovtsev
G Sprachmann
S Subramania
S I Suchkov
V V Sulin
R. Szczygiel
G Tartarelli
E. Thomson
V. O. Tikhomirov
P Tipton
J. A. Valls Ferrer
R. Van Berg
V. I. Vassilakopoulos
L. Vassilieva
P. Wagner
R. Wall
C. Wang
D. Whittington
H. H. Williams
A. Zhelezko
K. Zhukov

A straw proportional counter is the basic element of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). Its detailed properties as well as the main properties of a few TRT operating gas mixtures are described. Particular attention is paid to straw tube performance in high radiation conditions and to its operational stability.

Keywords:

Physics
Particle physics
Radiation
Detector
Proportional counter
Transition radiation
straw tube
Optics
operational stability
Atlas (anatomy)
drift tube
high radiation

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