Rational Use Of Resources: Development Of Method And Technologes

The paper provides an overview of the main world and regional studies on the development of effective methods and technologies of rational use of resources. Scientific papers of the Nobel Prize winner Kantorovich L.V. are given. They have become the basis for the formation and development of the theory of optimum resource usage and the linear programming. Modern world achievements in the development of algorithms and methods of solving different problems are described. Some examples of problems of rational use of resources are given in the article, namely NP-hard cutting-packing problems, nesting problems and problems of geometrical covering. Some features and difficulties in solving these problems are noted. The research of the Ufa scientific school on the solution of problems of cutting-packing and geometrical covering is briefly presented. The contribution of Ufa scientists who have been conducting research in this field for more than 60 years is noted. One of the last directions of the Ufa scientific school is the development of effective algorithms of solution based on matrix technology. The formulation of the complex problem of geometric covering and cutting is presented in more detail. In the problem, it is necessary to find a plan for covering the multi-coherent orthogonal polygon (MOP) and a plan for cutting of rectangular resource to covering items. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of matrix algorithms are presented.