Tracing the origin of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) based on DNA barcode and microsatellites

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), is a serious insect pest of blueberries and cranberries in North America. which was firstly found and identified on blueberris in Sanju-city, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. For epidemiological investigation of this pest, DNA barcoding and microsatellite markers were used. First, mitochondrial COⅠ(658 bp) was analyzed with 292 D. oxycoccana individuals, which were 163 individuals from 32 regions in 25 counties, Korea and 102 individuals from 10 regions in 4 states, USA and 26 individuals from USA, Canada and UK in GenBank. Genetic distance of seven individuals from Cheonan and two from Bonghwa was 10.5% and that of two individuals from Sunchang and New Jersey was 16.6%, which are considered to be different species within the genus Dasineura. Second, population genetics of 632 D. oxycoccana individuals 29 locations was analyzed using 12 microsatellites newly developed by next-generation sequencing. The results showed that some of the populations in Korea genetically close to those in USA. Fst of Hweongseong, Bonghwa, Jeju populations compared to remaining local pops. were ranged from 0.15 to 0.24, whereas average Fst between Georgia, Michigan, and New Jersey pops. were 0.14. The origins of Hweongseong, Bonghwa and Jeju populations were assessed as Michigan, Florida (southern part of Georgia), respectively.