Episootological and epidemiological aspects of West Nil fever (review article)

Strategy for the prevention of West Nile fever in endemic areas in horses include vaccination, reduction of virus circulation through activities that affect the mosquito population and reducing contact with infected vectors. Most widely for the prevention of disease in horses in North America is used by licensed inactivated and recombinant vaccines. Prevention of West Nile fever partly depends on the methods of reducing the number of mosquitoes infected with the virus. The use of environmentally insecticides during outbreaks arbovirus infections, especially in North America, is economically justified. After all, they are not only used for limiting outbreaks in horses, it is basically a comprehensive public health measures. An important direction in the prevention of the West Nile fever is the treatment of horses with insect repellent to prevent exposure to infected mosquitoes. Needs to be protected and the stables, where night has horses. Due to the fact that outbreaks in humans are preceded by diseases of animals and birds, weather conditions, causing the spread of mosquitoes, you need to implement active epizootic surveillance in animals to identify new cases of the disease. It will be crucial for the early detection of disease, and the prevention of the spread of new outbreaks. In the absence of a human vaccine, the only way to reduce the number of cases is increasing public awareness about the disease and ways of transmission. The effect of infection prevention among people dependent on developing comprehensive programs for the epizootic surveillance and control of insects. Prevention of disease in humans includes a limited stay under the open sky during the peak mosquito time – twilight. People should wear long-sleeved shirts and pants in light colors. Use repellents to protect from mosquito bites. Needs to be developed programme of fight against vectors using integrated pest management act principles of active identification of the sources of vector mosquitoes and the use of multiple methods with the purpose of breeding. We need to conduct epizootic monitoring of the vector circulation of the virus in mosquitoes and birds. In case of increase of cases of detection of a virus in populations of vectors, to take active measures for the purpose of protection of people and horses. Use repellents for animals and humans, remove mosquitoes (synthetic pyrethroids, etc.), put mosquito nets on windows in homes and stables, and regularly remove water from mosquito breeding sites (flower pots, bird feeders, children's pools).