Simulating work: can simulators help develop a workforce?

The aviation model of simulator training emphasises realistic physical conditions and practice of emergency responses. Its apparent success has led to the adoption of simulators in other industries such as rail. Relatively light levels of use of the simulators in that industry indicate that simulators may not fit well in all industries, no matter how similar their operations may seem. This leads us to ask what needs to be simulated in workplace development settings and whether better-targeted simulation might expand the ways in which simulators can be used. Much of the existing technical discussion of simulators comes from a human factors perspective which focuses on micro-processes in performance. We argue for a more socio-cultural and socio-technical position that simulators can develop workforce competency only when jobs are understood in their socio-cultural settings and the role of technology is understood as relative to and determined by that setting. We also present ways in which industry can approach the identification of targets for simulator use and implementation strategies. These suggestions have the potential not only to save money but also contribute to a more professional and engaged workforce.