Acute myeloblastic leukemia in neonate
2018
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Congenital leukemia is defined
as leukemia that develops intra uterine. It
is an extremely rare malignancy associated
with poor prognosis and a poorly understood
natural history. Incidence reported to be 1 per-5
million neonates. Acute myeloblastic leukemia
is more common than acute lymphoblastic
leukemia in neonate. Clinical signs of neonatal
leukemia among various patients such as
hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes,
leukemia cutis, and hyperleukocytosis. Case
Report: We present a 6-days-old female neonate,
referred to Sanglah Hospital with respiratory
distress and lethargy. We found her with high
breathing effort and fever. Physical examination
found hepatomegaly. Laboratory examinations
showed hyperleukocytosis (leucocyte count
140.000/mm3), anemia (hemoglobin 12.56 g/
dL), normal thrombocytes count (245.400/
mm3), and other laboratories within normal
limits. Peripheral blood smear showed
erythrocyte with normocytic normochromic,
normoblastemia, leucocytes with elevated
white blood cell count, immature white blood
cells (blasts) as appeared in acute leukemia.
Leukemia phenotyping showed myeloid lineage
with aberrant expression CD 7 appropriate to
acute myeloblastic leukemia. We diagnosed
the patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Patient got hydration intravenously in order
to prevent leukostasis syndrome. We planned
Bagus Ngurah Mahakrishna1, Ketut Ariawati1
Affiliation: 1Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine,
Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar-Bali.
Corresponding Author: Bagus Ngurah Mahakrishna, Denpasar-
Bali-Indonesia; Email: bagusngurahmahakrishna@
yahoo.com
Received: 08 June 2018
Accepted: 06 August 2018
Published: 29 August 2018
PEER REVIEWED | OPEN ACCESS
a chemotherapy protocol. Conclusion: Acute
myeloblastic leukemia in neonate is a rare
case. It was fetal form of malignant diseases
with various clinical presentation such as high
breathing effort and hyperleukocytosis. Its exact
cause is still not fully understood. Congenital
leukemia has a poor prognosis with an overall
survival rate only 20% at 2 years of age.
Keywords: Acute myeloblastic leukemia, Hyperleukocytosis,
Malignancy, Neonate
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