Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The etiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is complex and not yet fully understood. Their pathogenesis includes mechanisms in which both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are immune cells expressing an invariant TCRα chain (Vα7.2-Jα33 in human and Vα19-Jα33 in mice) and recognize the conserved MHC-I-related molecule MR1, which presents bacterial metabolites derived from the synthesis of vitamin B. Although most of the studies support a hazardous role of MAIT cells in tissue inflammation and destruction, few studies suggest a protective role. MAIT cells have tissue homing properties with the production of inflammatory cytokines, signifying that they may play an essential role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the current study, we clarified the present knowledge on MAIT cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. MAIT cells might be considered as a new biomarker of disease progression, opening new techniques for therapeutic strategies based on their manipulation.