Volumetric Parameters: A Physiological Background

Along with the hemodynamic paradigm postulating that “only flow, not pressure matters,” in the new century, a number of “3D” volumetric parameters have evolved and become readily available at the bedside in many intensive care units. The volumetric approach to advanced hemodynamic monitoring has substantially improved the knowledge of the pathophysiology of critical illnesses, including circulatory shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome, yet many questions are to be addressed. The chapter presents the review of the physiological background, technical issues, bedside application, and further perspectives of volumetric hemodynamic monitoring.