[Diuretics and beta-blockers as the first option in the treatment of arterial hypertension].

: Diuretics have increasingly come to be used for the treatment of arterial hypertension over the last few decades. Although their precise active mechanism is unknown, it is supposed that their usefulness as antihypertensive is a product mainly of their effect on the transport of ions across the cell wall, which reduces peripheral vascular resistance. The adverse metabolic effects of diuretics can be minimized by prescribing the lowest doses presently recommended, or by administering potassium salts or a potassium-retain diuretic. The antihypertensive action of beta blockers is similar to that of diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs, and again, their active mechanism is poorly understood. There are several contraindications for prescribing beta blockers, as well as side effects that must be considered before starting treatment. Well-controlled studies on large cohorts have demonstrated the usefulness of both diuretics and beta blockers in preventing the cardiovascular complications of hypertension. These studies have also allowed the medical profession to designate indications for using these drugs in various segments of the population defined by factors of age and race. Given the proved therapeutic efficacy of diuretics and beta blockers, as well as economic considerations, these drugs should be considered first-choice options for the arterial hypertension.