Projectile atomic number dependence of equilibrium charge states for 1 and 2 MeV/u ions passing through a carbon foil

Abstract Equilibrium charge distributions of ions after passage through a carbon foil have been measured for various ions at 1 and 2 MeV/u. Mean charges, q , compared at 1 MeV/u show an enhancement at around Z 1 = 29. The shell effect of the charge distributions is closely related to this enhancement of q .