Risk factors for mortality in ICU patients with Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia: impact of bacterial cytotoxicity

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii ( A. baumannii ) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with critical illness. However, the literatures that focused on the short-term prognosis and the risk factors for mortality are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for mortality in ICU patients with A. baumannii VAP. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the medical/surgical ICU at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai, China. Adult patients meeting the criteria of A. baumannii VAP from January 2012 to October 2015 were enrolled. Apart from collecting clinical and microbiologic data, we performed biofilm-formation and cytotoxicity testing using A. baumannii strains which are isolated from patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in ICU. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included in this study. The 30-day mortality rate in ICU for the patients was 37.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that short-term mortality was significantly associated with prior surgery [OR, 0.277; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.089–0.866; P=0.027], higher APACHEII score (OR, 1.140; 95% CI, 1.007–1.291; P=0.038) and an increased bacterial cytotoxicity (OR, 1.029 ; 95% CI, 1.001–1.058; P=0.047). Conclusions: The main finding of our study was that increased bacterial cytotoxicity might be a risk factor for short-term mortality in ICU patients with A. baumannii VAP.