In-patient treatment of opiate dependence: medium-term follow-up outcomes.

Background The outcome for opiate-dependent patients seeking abstinence is unclear in this era of improved access to methadone maintenance. Aims To measure the outcome 2–3 years after in-patient treatment. Method Opiate-dependent patients admitted with a goal of abstinence were followed-up. A structured interview examined drug use and treatment in the preceding month. Results Five patients had died and 109 (76%) of the remaining 144 were interviewed. Fifty per cent (54 patients) reported recent opiate misuse and 57% (62) were on methadone maintenance. Twenty-three per cent (25 patients) were abstinent (i.e. neither using opiates nor on methadone maintenance). Abstinence was significantly associated with completion of the 6-week in-patienttreatment programme and attendance at out-patient after-care, and negatively associated with a family history of substance misuse. Conclusions Abstinence remains an attainable goal. As the principal influence on outcome was treatment adherence, inpatient services should seek to enhance rates of programme completion. After-care should be provided to patients. We caution against use of pre-treatment patient characteristics as criteria for prioritising access to in-patient treatment.