EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION IN VITIS VINIFERA L BY ANTHER CULTURE

Different culture media were studied to obtain embryos from anther culture of two clones of the cultivar “Viosinho” from Vitis vinifera L., in order to regenerate plants from them. Six different culture media were used: five of them solidified with agar, ACM (anther culture medium) supplemented with 2,4 – D (1.0 and 1.5mg.L-1) and BAP (0.25 mg.L-1); ACM with NOA (1.0 and 1.5 mg.L-1) and BAP (0.25 mg.L-1); ACM with 2,4 – D (0.25 mg.L-1) and BAP (1.0 mg.L-1); one solidified with phytagel, and ACM with 2,4 – D (1.0 mg.L-1) and BAP (0.25 mg.L-1). In all the media tested, anthers with calli and embryos were produced and secondary embryogenesis obtained. After 10 weeks of in vitro culture, a non-significant effect (P>0.05) of clone and a significant effect (P<0.001) of culture medium composition were observed for all three parameters evaluated – namely the number of anthers with calli, the number of embryogenic calli/anther and the number of embryos/embryogenic calli. The highest number of anthers with calli was obtained in the medium containing 1.0 mg.L-1 NOA and 0.25 mg.L-1 BAP and the highest percentage of the embryogenic calli (35.2%) was observed in the medium containing 2,4 - D at 1.0 mg.L-1 and BAP at 0.25 mg.L-1. The ACM medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.L-1 2,4 - D and 0.25 mg.L-1 BAP proved to be the best for embryo production with 3.2 embryos formed per embryogenic calli.