Effects of plant protection products on non-target organisms : A contribution to the discussion of risk assessment and risk mitigation for terrestrial non-target organisms (flora and fauna)

The use of plant protection products may have adverse effects on populations of non-target organisms, even if the products are applied according to the principles of good agricultural practice. In addition, plant protection products may cause exposure of non-target organisms (flora and fauna) in off-crop habitats via spray drift. This paper describes how risk assessment for non-target organisms, especially for off-crop habitats, could be conducted. It identifies research and action needed to protect the environment from unacceptable effects. The following needes are identified : - to intensify internatioinal cooperation and harmonization with regard to risk assessment (especially dose-effect analyses), - to identify endangered species and habitats, - to elaborate parameters for assessing long-term damage of populations, and - to elaborate risk mitigation strategies and implement these strategies in the authorization procedure for plant products.