Rapid On-Site Evaluation in Detection of Granulomas in the Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

Rationale: Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) of specimens collected by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided–transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) ensures sample adequacy and triages subsequent biopsy procedures. EBUS-TBNA allows sampling of lymph nodes in granulomatous diseases; however, the ability of ROSE to predict the final diagnosis in this setting has not been well characterized.Objectives: We performed a retrospective evaluation to study the utility of ROSE in the diagnosis of granulomatous diseases as well as to establish the procedure characteristics that would optimize the concordance between ROSE and final diagnosis.Methods: Charts of patients with a cytological diagnosis of granuloma by EBUS-TBNA between June 2008 and May 2013 were reviewed. Preliminary ROSE findings and final cytological diagnosis were compared. Patient demographics and procedure variables were assessed using mean (±SD). The variables collected were considered in a logistic regression analysis using concordance as the outco...