Connected and Autonomous Electric Vehicles Charging Reservation and Trip Planning System

A novel three-layer charging system design of static and dynamic wireless charging that can operate with the existing wired charging infrastructure and standards for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is presented. This internet of things (IoT) application is accompanied by a proposed handshake protocol that uses vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to grid (V2G) communications for fulfilling charging requests of connected and autonomous electric vehicles with the shortest possible route to the destination. The charging requests of the Electric Vehicle (EV) and Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV) users are fulfilled by dynamically distributing the request over the three different types of charging equipment, and the requests are serviced and billed for in a private and secure manner using two different proposed payment schemes with the encrypted virtual currency. The hardware independent system can detect misalignment of the connected vehicles on the wireless charging pads and the speed issue errors in dynamic wireless charging system as well as avoid free-riders. Finally, the presented system is simulated and is revealed to plan trips with minimum waiting times, travel costs and battery consumption per vehicle trip with efficiency of 90.25% charge delivery.