Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: experience of a large-volume European FMT center.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for C. difficile infection (CDI), which, in turn, complicates the clinical course of IBD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe and effective in patients with IBD and recurrent CDI (rCDI). In our study, patients with IBD and rCDI received FMT by colonoscopy and were followed-up for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was negative C. difficile toxin 8 weeks after FMT. Eighteen patients with IBD were enrolled. Eight patients received sequential FMT either for pseudomembranous colitis or failure of single fecal infusion. At 8-week follow-up the C. difficile toxin was negative in 17 patients, and most (83%) experienced also improvement of IBD disease activity. Overall, we did not observe any serious adverse event. FMT appears to be highly effective and safe in patients with IBD and rCDI and is likely not only to eradicate CDI but also to improve disease activity of IBD.