Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with ETV6-ABL1 rearrangement and SMC1A mutation

Abstract Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the blood-forming cells in bone marrow characterized by persistent monocytosis. Although most patients with CMML show clonal genetic aberrations, there is no known cytogenetic or molecular genetic finding that is specific to CMML. We report a patient who had a clinical and morphological presentation consistent with CMML. The genetic work-up showed an ETV6-ABL1 fusion consequent to a 9;12 translocation, and a missense mutation in SMC1A (c.1757G>A, p.Arg586Gln). The SMC1A mutations are recurrent, albeit rare, in myeloid malignancies, without an established clinical significance in CMML. ETV6-ABL1 fusion is a rare but recurrent genetic aberration found in various hematologic malignancies involving both the lymphoid and myeloid lineage, but to the best of our knowledge, CMML is an exceptionally rare presentation of ETV6-ABL1 rearranged neoplasm. ETV6-ABL1 fusion is often formed through complex rearrangements, and usually cryptic by routine G-banded chromosome analysis. The diseases associated with this rearrangement generally have an aggressive course, hence detecting or excluding this rearrangement during diagnostic work-up is critical for treatment planning.