410 PREGNANT COCAINE ABUSERS AND THEIR INFANTS

Cocaine (C) abuse is a major public health problem. To study the effects of C abuse on the course of pregnancy and infant development, we have been following 2 groups of pregnant women; one on C and one drug-free. The data were analyzed in 3 groups: GP1, drug-free; GP2, methadone maintenance(M) and C abuse; GP3, C used in combination with marijuana and/or alcohol. For all findings reported, p<.05. GPs 2&3 commenced prenatal care later, with less frequent clinic visits and less adequate nutrition. Beer consumption was higher in GP2; hard liquor intake in GP3. C abuse was similar in both groups, but marijuana abuse was greater in GP3. Drug abuse decreased as gestation progressed. There were no differences in the incidence of perinatal complications, 5min. Apgar score, or gestational age. However, mean birthweight, head circumference(HC), and length(L) were significantly smaller in GP2. Mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms occur red in 73% of GP2 and 25% of GP3. Neonatal course was similar in all groups. Infants with an uncomplicated course were enrolled in follow-up. At 6 mo., GP2 again demonstrated smaller weight, HC, and L, and more frequent hypertonici ty and irritabi1ity. The groups did not differ on the Bayley Scales or any other variables. In conclusion, C abusers comprise a high risk group during pregnancy, with frequent multidrug abuse and poor nutrition. The infants of mothers on both M and C appear to be at greatest risk for low weight, HC, and L from birth through 6 mo. While infants of C abusers did not differ from controls in growth and development, only further follow-up will show if any longterm effects occur.