Genetic viability of a reintroduced population of south-western common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus), Western Australia

This study focused on a reintroduced population of south-western common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus) to assess genetic variability and inform future management strategies. Individuals were translocated to Matuwa Kurarra-Kurarra Indigenous Protected Area, Western Australia, from four source populations, but subsequent monitoring has indicated a 50% reduction in population size from original founder numbers in the eight years since establishment. Tissue samples from three of the four source populations and an additional four comparative sites (n = 140 animals total) were analysed using 13 microsatellite loci. Inbreeding was lower and heterozygosity was higher in the translocated Matuwa population than in two of the source populations studied, highlighting the benefits of promoting outbreeding through the use of multiple source populations in translocations. However, allelic richness at Matuwa is low relative to two of the source populations, suggesting the impact of population bottlenecks on genetic diversity, which was supported by significant allele frequency mode shift and Wilcoxon rank sign test for heterozygosity excess tests for genetic bottlenecks. Despite the genetic health of the population being stronger than predicted, this population is still at risk due to environmental factors, small size and fragmentation. This is the first study to document patterns of genetic diversity and to highlight issues with translocation for this subspecies and adds to the limited literature illustrating how outbreeding can be used for conservation purposes.