Mechanism Underlying the Low Prevalence of Pediatric Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Purpose: Urinary macromolecules in children show stronger inhibition of Ca oxalate crystal growth, aggregation and adhesion than in adults. To investigate the mechanism of Ca oxalate urolithiasis we evaluated the differences in inhibitory activity against oxalate induced renal cell injury between adults and children.Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected from healthy men and their sons. The protective effects of urinary macromolecules against oxalate induced injury to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (ATCC®) were examined by lactate dehydrogenase assay and immunostaining. Variations in the relative abundance of proteins involved in stone formation, such as osteopontin and calgranulin B, were analyzed.Results: The urine of children had significantly higher urinary macromolecule and glycosaminoglycan concentrations than that of adults (p <0.01). Urinary macromolecules inhibited oxalate induced Madin-Darby canine kidney cell injury in a concentration dependent manner and stronger activity was obs...