Revisão dos Dados Experimentais in vivo e in vitro que Apoiam à Carcinogênese do Carcinoma de Células Escamosas Oral por Doença Periodontal e Possíveis Mecanismos Moleculares

Objective: to describe different in vivo and in vitro experimental models and summarize evidence that proposes molecular mechanisms or demonstrate a cause and effect correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma development. Material and Methods: a Literature search of various electronic databases (Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science) using appropriate keywords (e.g., periodontal disease, periodontitis, squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer, transformation, carcinogenesis, mouth neoplasms, and carcinoma) was performed. Then, a comprehensive literature review of the current understanding of this link was elaborated. Results: the experimental data suggest that PD induces initiation, promotion, and oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Periodontal disease models here revised demonstrate a direct relation to carcinogenesis and propose several possible molecular mechanisms of action, such as via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), activation of transcription 3 activator (STAT3) and Notch1 pathways and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-?, TGF-?1, cyclin D1, metalloproteinase matrix-9 (MMP-9) and heparinase production as well as regulating the host immune response and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion: the use of in vivo and in vitro studies is very significant for understanding the casual association of these biological processes. The current findings highlight the importance of further studies in this area to understand the cause and effect relationship of these pathologies and the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of this type of cancer