Raspberry ketone protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Abstract Aim The cardioprotective role of raspberry ketone (RK) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats was assessed. Materials and methods Rats were randomly divided into Group I - Vehicle control; Group II - Toxic control ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.); Group III, IV and V - RK (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) with ISO; Group VI- RK (200 mg/kg) alone; Group VII - Propranolol (10 mg/kg) with ISO; and Group VIII - Propranolol (10 mg/kg) alone. After twenty-four hours of the last dose, animals were sacrificed and creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein, low-density-lipoprotein, very-low-density-lipoprotein, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, Na + , K + -ATPase, nitric oxide, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase) were performed. Key findings Treatment with ISO significantly deviated the biochemical parameters from the normal levels, which were considerably restored by RK at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. 50 mg/kg dose, however, did not demonstrate any significant cardioprotective action. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis further substantiated these findings. Significance Our study showed a dose-dependent reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia by RK in ISO-intoxicated rats, which signifies that RK from the European red raspberry plant might be a valuable entity for the management of MI.