Analysis of inter-/intra-E-plate repeatability in the real-time cell analyzer

Abstract Over the past decade, the real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) has provided a good tool to the cell-based in vitro assay. Unlike the traditional systems that label the target cells with luminescence, fluorescence, or light absorption, RTCA monitors cell properties using noninvasive and label-free impedance measuring. However, realization of the maximum value of RTCA for applications will require assurance of within-experiment repeatability, day-to-day repeatability, and robustness to variations in conditions that might occur from different experiments. In this article, the performance and variability of RTCA is evaluated and a novel repeatability index ( RI ) is proposed to analyze the intra-/inter-E-plate repeatability of RTCA. The repeatability assay involves six cell lines and two media (water [H 2 O] and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]). First, six cell lines are exposed to the media individually, and time-dependent cellular response curves characterized as a cell index ( CI ) are recorded by RTCA. Then, the variations along sampling time and among repeated tests are calculated and RI values are obtained. Finally, a discriminating standard is set up to evaluate the degree of repeatability. As opposed to the standardized methodologies, it is shown that the presented index can give the quantitative evaluation for repeatability of RTCA within E-plate and variation on different days.