Reconsidering the Fundamental Characteristics of Photosynthesis and LEDs

Fundamental characteristics of photosynthesis – action spectrum and quantum yield – are reconsidered from the viewpoint of PFALs with light-emitting diodes (LED) lighting. The effects of green light on photosynthesis are reconsidered in view of the improved cost performance of white LEDs. The differences in action spectrum and quantum yield between a single leaf and a dense plant canopy are discussed. Also discussed are the characteristics of LED lamps that are necessary for the design and operation of LED lighting systems and which are to be presented as a product label.