Analysis of piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester under different electrical boundary conditions

Abstract Harvested power, extraction efficiency, operating frequency bandwidth and load range of a vibration energy harvester can be improved by using piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvesting technique (PEE based on it, different electrical boundary conditions of a PEE it shows the optimized performances of case (6) (EM-VEH) and case (7) (PE-VEH) are two particular instances of case (9) (PEE they all validate the potential advantages of an optimized PE&EM-VEH.