Nanocellulose-based composites for packaging applications

Cellulose is one of the most interesting bioresources owing to its abundance, renewability, and biodegradability. Nanocellulose (NC), which can be isolated from natural cellulosic sources or synthesized by bacteria, has gained much research focus in recent years thanks to its non toxicity, recyclability, biodegradability, and reinforcing capability. The outstanding physical and mechanical properties of NC including high elastic modulus, high surface area, high strength, and high gas barrier properties have prompted its use in biomedical, cosmetic, electronics, and food packaging industries. In this review, we focus on NC sources, extraction methods, and use for the development of sustainable packaging materials. The processing methods of NC-based composites films, the effect of NC incorporation on the properties of packaging films, and health-related issues are discussed.