ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОМФОРТУ В ГРОМАДСЬКОМУ ТРАНСПОРТІ М. ТЕРНОПОЛЯ

The comfort of public transport in the EU is controlled by the quality standard EN 13816 - a standard of public transport service, which assesses the level of passenger satisfaction on a list of factors such as convenience, accessibility, information, time / duration, customer service, ride comfort, safety and environmental impact. ISO 2631-1 regulates the observance of mechanical parameters (noise level from rolling wheels, etc.), so it is used in the design of vehicles. It is well known that in Ukraine, when designing transport networks, only the duration of the passenger's trip to the destination is taken into account. Although passenger comfort and safety are basic factors in demand for public transport, an indicator such as convenience is usually neglected in the design of medium-sized transport systems, although in practice passengers' choice of public transport is determined by many factors.Despite the fact that comfort is one of the most important factors in shaping the demand for public transport, the convenience factor is often neglected in the design of transport networks, as well as in the assessment of performance. In urban passenger transport, in particular for medium-sized cities, passengers' choice of mode of transport for travel depends, in addition to the duration of the trip, also on many important indicators. To improve the understanding of quantitative and qualitative indicators when using public transport, the transport service should be designed so that it corresponds to the level of services expected by customers, which will ensure optimal capitalization in the implementation of transport services. This study is the basis for the formation of a policy of passenger transport by public transport from the standpoint of maximum comfort of the population with the development of basics for measuring the perception of the most important factors of public transport convenience, minimum discomfort and maximum safety. On the basis of field research using the determinants of discomfort and weights, quantitative indicators of the perception of comfort in the public transport network of Ternopil were determined, which can be used to predict the behavior of passengers in the use of public transport. It is determined that the total level of comfort in the public transport system of Ternopil is variable depending on many factors, the most important of which is the density of passengers in the passenger compartment during rush hour, although for optimal design of public transport networks it is advisable to take into account many comfort indicators. A private car is important because owning and traveling such a vehicle is a traditional cultural and psychological value, status, and self-driving is a psychological advantage over public transport, some groups for this reason stop choosing a car. The results of the study are the basis for understanding the attitude of passengers and the perception of comfort in urban public transport services, they can be used as a tool in the planning and operation of transport networks of medium-sized cities.