Encouraging communication and cooperation in e-learning: solving and creating new interdisciplinary case histories.

Background: An increasing number of patients to treat combined with a rapidly growing amount of knowledge to integrate, is challenging for future doctors. To take the medical history and diagnose effectively, to send the patient to an expert, to create a relevant expert to expert communication, to discuss with the patient, the time needed for a decision, should be as short as possible. Investigating medical students' cognitive processes while solving a patient's case leads to the conclusion that educators should help and facilitate these reasoning and communication processes. Developments in information technology offer a large variety of tools for educators. Method: Practicing repeated memory retrieval in clinically relevant virtual settings leads to more durable storage of theoretical knowledge, especially when applying the theoretical knowledge to meaningful cases. The cases in the present e-learning tool are only solvable when knowledge is coherent, communicated and well-organized, as they demand combination of different interdisciplinary knowledge-fields. Thus, by practicing in the virtual environment, prospective memory (i.e. the ability to remember to do something in the future) is changed and the intention and attention in learning processes is shaped and adapted to the core requirements of clinical practice. Conclusion: Case-based learning can be a promising approach to teach students how to investigate and ask for important information. This paper focuses on undergraduate education and provides an outlook on possible concepts that can be used in different health care sectors.