Surgical vascular andrology: X-ray endovascular principles of diagnosis and treatment of pelvic venous congestion

The study objective is to analyze and systematize literature data on endovascular methods of diagnosis and treatment of pelvic venous congestion in men. Results. A full description of clinical manifestations, etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, and endovascular treatment of venous congestion syndrome is presented. Examples of successful spiral embolization, gonadal vein sclerotherapy, combined use of occluding technologies are described. Algorithm of May—Thurner syndrome diagnosis and treatment is presented. Conclusion. Capabilities of endovascular correction of hemodynamic abnormalities in venous congestion are very wide. A new high-tech direction — surgical vascular andrology — requires creation of a multidisciplinary team of specialists with experience in use of embolizing materials, intravascular stents. Experience accumulation with the aim of development of a more effective surgery is ongoing.