Monitorización de la salud estructural de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado de material compuesto mediante sensores de fibra óptica

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are flying robots that require little or no human control while flying. The number of UAV has growth exponentially due to rise in applications such as video taking, surveillance and delivering cargo to customers. Despite the promise of the technology, UAV are not very reliable currently, either civil or military. They lack of sensing mechanisms to detect issues in operation, such impacts, hard landings and overload, together with the difficulties to detect structural problems during the UAV operation could compromise not only the safety of the UAV, also all along the entire flying area. This paper presents the design, development implementation, and validation of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system applied to the rear fuselage of the UAV developed by INTA for R&D activities (MILANO). The rear fuselage, a 2.5 meters carbon/epoxy structure with frames and stringers, was instrumented with fiber optic sensors and PZT. Two different types of fiber optic sensors were considered: Fiber Bragg Gratings and distributed fiber sensing based on Rayleigh backscatter. The objective of the fiber optic sensor network is to detect the changes induced on the strain field due to damage appearance. This information will be employed to train a neural network which provides the self-diagnosis of the structural integrity. Additionally, the PZT network will be used as active system for structure interrogation through elastic waves.